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Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Consequently, a mutation in a pleiotropic gene may have an effect on some or all traits simultaneously. An example is phenylketonuria, a human disease that affects multiple systems but is caused by one gene defect.〔Stearns, F. W. (2010). One Hundred Years of Pleiotropy: A Retrospective. Genetics 186(3):767-773. http://www.genetics.org/content/186/3/767.abstract〕 Pleiotropic gene action can limit the rate of multivariate evolution when natural selection, sexual selection or artificial selection on one trait favours one specific version of the gene (allele), while selection on other traits favors a different allele. The underlying mechanism of pleiotropy in most cases is the effect of a gene on metabolic pathways that contribute to different phenotypes. Genetic correlations and hence correlated responses to selection most often exemplify pleiotropy.
==Etymology==
The term ''pleiotropy'' comes from the Greek πλείων ''pleion'', meaning "more", and τρόπος ''tropos'', meaning "way", and is not to be confused with "pleiotrophic", a common misspelling of pleiotropic. Thinking in terms of biology, pleiotropy means "more change"; a pleiotropic gene causes more than one phenotype to change. 〔http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pleiotrophic〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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